The Skeletal System Parts And Functions -Human Body Bone Names

The Skeletal System Parts And Functions - Human Body Bone Names

The human Skeletal System is the bony framework of the body. it forms cavities and fossa that protect some delicate organs structures of our body, and also from the joints and give attachment to muscles that provide movement of the body. The skeletal system parts and functions are described in two parts axial and appendicular. The appendicular skeleton is attached to the axial Skeleton. skeletal system anatomy notes pdf. These are “human body bone names”. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs. the axial skeleton protects major vital organs and the axial skeleton having a total of 80 bones.

The Skeletal System Parts And Functions - Human Body Bone Names

AXIAL Skeletal System

Skull Bone Names

The skull is described in two parts, the cranium which contains the brain, and the face. it consists of a number of bones, develops separately but fuses together as they mature. in the skull bones, only one movable bone is the mandible or lower jaw. The Names of the skull bones (human body bone names) are :

1. Cranium Bone Names

The cranial and cranial cavities are formed from several flat and irregular bones that provide bony protection for the brain. It has a base upon which the brain rests and a vault that surrounds and covers it. The peritoneum lining the inner surface of the skull bones forms the outer layer of the dura mater.  In the mature skull, the joints between the bones are immovable. The bones of the cranium are –

  • Frontal Bone – 1
  • Parietal Bone – 2
  • Temporal Bone – 2
  • Occipital Bone – 1
  • Sphenoid Bone – 1
  • Ethmoid Bone – 1

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2. Face Bone Names

The skeleton of the face is formed by 13 bones. The bones of the face are –

  • Zygomatic Bone (cheekbone) – 2
  • Maxilla Bone – 1
  • Nasal Bone – 2
  • Lacrimal Bone – 2
  • Vomer Bone – 1
  • Palatine Bone – 2
  • Inferior conchae – 2
  • Mandible Bone – 1

Some Other Bones –

  • Hyoid bone (1) – It does not articulate with any other bone but is attached to the styloid process of the temporal bone by ligaments.
  • Auditory Ossicles – Malleus bone (2), Incus bone (2), Stapes bone (2). Stapes is the smallest bone in the human body.

Functions of the Skull / Skeletal System functions

The various part of the skull have specific and different functions –

  • protection of delicate structures including the brain, eyes, and inner ears
  • maintaining patency of the nasal passages enabling breathing
  • eating – the teeth are embedded in the mandible and maxilla; and movement of the mandible, the only movable skull bone, allows chewing. This is a brief knowledge of the functions of the skull in pdf.

Vertebral Column

This consists of 33 bones (24 movable bones and (vertebrae) plus the sacrum 5 fuse bones and coccyx 4 fuse bone.)

The bodies of the bones are separated from each other by intervertebral discs, consisting of cartilage. The vertebral column is described in five parts and the bones of each part are numbered from above downwards.

Total 33 bones

  • Cervical – 7
  • Thoracic – 12
  • Lumbar – 5
  • Sacrum – 1 (5 fused bones)
  • Coccyx – 1 (4 fused bones)

Functions of The Vertebral Column / Skeletal System functions

The Vertebral Column has several important functions

  • It protects the spinal cord. In each vertebra is a hole, the vertebral foramen, and collectively the foramina form a canal in which the spinal cord lies.
  • Adjacent vertebrae form openings, which protects the spinal nerves as they pass from the spinal cord
  • In the thoracic region the ribs articulate with the vertebrae forming joints allowing movement of the ribcage during respiration.

Thoracic cage

The thoracic cage is formed by

  • Sternum or breast bone – 1
  • Ribs – 12 pairs
  • Thoracic vertebrae – 12

Functions of the thoracic cage

  • It protects the thoracic organs including the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels.
  • It forms joints between the upper limbs and the axial skeleton. The upper part of the sternum, the only joint between the upper limbs and the axial skeleton.
  • It gives attachment to the muscles of respiration.

APPENDICULAR Skeletal System and its Bone Names

The appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder girdles and upper limbs, and the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. human body bone names pdf.

The shoulder girdles and upper limbs.

Each shoulder girdle consists of a clavicle and scapula. Each upper limb comprises:

  • Humerus – 1
  • Radius – 1
  • Ulna – 1
  • Carpal Bones – 8
  • Metacarpal bones – 5
  • Phalanges – 14

The pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

The bones of the pelvic girdle are the two innominate bones and the sacrum. Each lower limb consists of –

  • Femur – 1
  • Tibia – 1
  • Fibula -1
  • Patella -1
  • Tarsal bones – 7
  • Metatarsal bones -5
  • Phalanges -14

Functions of the Appendicular skeleton / Skeletal System functions

The appendicular skeleton has two main functions –

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  • Voluntary movement – The bones, muscles, and joints of the limbs are involved in the movement of the skeleton. This ranges from very fine finger movements needed for writing to the coordinated movement of all the limbs associated with running and jumping.
  • Protection of delicate structures – Blood vessels and nerves lie along the length of bones of the limbs and are protected from injury by the associated muscles and skin. These structures are most vulnerable where they cross joints and where bones can be felt immediately below the skin.

FAQ related to skeletal system parts and functions

Why is the skeletal system important?

The skeletal system is the bony framework/structure of the body, it protects the delicate parts of our body and gives attachment to the muscles that move the body.

How many bones are in the human body?

Total numbers of the human body bone 206

Which is the longest bone in the human body?

The femur is the longest bone of the body.

Which bone of the human body does not form any joint?

The hyoid bone is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the human body.

What is the skeletal system?

The skeletal system is a structure made up of 206 bones that provide protection to delicate organs, its parts and functions are described in two parts, the axial skeleton, and the appendicular skeleton.

Download skeletal system parts and functions pdf

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