Abruptio Placenta Definition – Placental abruption is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. This condition occurs when the placenta partially or completely detaches from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery.
Abruptio placentae can decrease the baby’s supply of oxygen and nutrients and cause heavy bleeding in the mother. Placental abruption occur usually in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Type of placental abruption
Placental abruption is divided into three types on the basis of bleeding. which is as follows-
- Revealed.
- Concealed.
- Mixed.
Revealed placental abruption
In this type of placental abruption, blood trickles between the membrane and moves through the vagina and cervix. The blood comes out from the cervical canal which is visible externally. This is the most common type.
Concealed placental Abruption
In this type of abruption, blood collects behind that separated placenta and is concealed in between the membrane and the deciduous. This is the most dangerous retroplacental hemorrhage. This type of bleeding is not visible but can cause systemic shock
Mixed Abruptio Placentae
In this type of abruption, some of the blood is taken out/ Expelled out (Revealed) but some of the blood is stored/collects inside (concealed).
Risk factor of placental abruption
- Preeclampsia and increased BP.
- Abnormal liver of the baby.
- Poly-hydramnios.
- Abdominal trauma.
- Smoking or drug used like cocaine.
- Multiple pregnancies.
- Early age pregnancy and older than 40 year
- Pregnancy.
- Malnutrition.
- Poor socio-economic condition.
- Previous placental abruption.
Signs of placental separation
Placental separation is a serious condition in pregnancy. If it is not diagnosed early, there is a risk of loss of life of mother and child. For early diagnosis, some of the abruptio placenta signs and symptoms are given below.
- Vaginal bleeding (not visible in concealed).
- Abdominal pain or back pain (begin suddenly).
- Uterine tenderness or rigidity.
- Uterine contractions.
- Paller (due to blood loss).
Complications of placental abruption
Placental abruption is a life-threatening condition for mother and baby.
In mother, abruption can cause
- Shock due to bleeding.
- Blood clotting problems.
- Multi-organ failure because of excessive blood loss example kidney failure liver failure.
- Need hysterectomy if bleeding is not controlled.
In babies, abruption can cause
- Premature birth.
- Low birth weight.
- Lack of oxygen and nutrition.
- Stillbirth.
Management of abruptio placenta
- We can decrease the risk of placental Abruption by-
- Stop smoking.
- Stop use of cocaine.
- Maintain high blood pressure.
- Prevent from trauma with using safety.
- The rest of the treatment has to be done as per placenta previa.
Also, Read this article by clicking on the link.
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